To date, transplantation of MSCs takes unparalleled advantages in cell accessibility and safety over other stem cells (e.g., neural stem cells), Slot Gacor but fails to achieve notable clinical benefits for neurodegeneration, as their low spontaneity and uncontrollable directions for MSC differentiation2.
Among various neurogenesis-related molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key modulators in specific cell fate transitions by simultaneously targeting hundreds of genes and inducing stable epigenetic changes7. As the most plentiful miRNA in the nervous system, miRNA-124 (miR-124) is a high-potential driver for the switch of stem cells or somatic cells toward a mature neuronal fate via repressing expression of nonneuronal genes and activating a conserved neural development program8.
Stem cells can be difficult to transfect. The methods used for stem cell transfection vary with cell type, species, the molecule being delivered, and the intended downstream application. Electroporation and lipid-mediated delivery have been the most common methods for the transfection of stem cells. Biolistic particle delivery is a cell-type independent technique that can be used to transfer genetic materials into stem cells. The challenges of chemical and physical transfection methods have led many researchers to adopt viral-transduction methods for gene delivery in stem cells.